Seata
Seata
小结:
nacos 【name server】:注册中心,解决服务的注册与发现
nacos【config】:配置中心,微服务配置文件的中心化管理,同时配置信息的动态刷新
Ribbon:客户端负载均衡器,解决微服务集群负载均衡的问题
Openfeign:声明式HTTP客户端,解决微服务之间远程调用问题
Sentinel:微服务流量防卫兵,以流量为入口,保护微服务,防止服务雪崩
gateway:微服务网关,服务集群的入口,路由转发以及负载均衡(全局认证、流控)
sleuth:链路追踪
seata:分布式事务解决方案
面试:
1:什么是分布式事务
分布式系统中,跨连接的事务
2:怎么解决分布式事务? seata
3:seata分布式事务的工作流程/原理/机制
TM:事务管理器 ,标注了@GlobalTransational的方法就受TM的管理,开启全局事务,发起全局事务的提交, 或回滚
TC: Seata 服务器,事务协调器 ,接收TM的指令,向RM传达指令,生成全局事务IDRM:Seata 客户端,资源管理器一阶段提交:解析和执行sql语句,需要获取全局锁,获取前后镜像存放到undo_log表二阶段提交:删除undo_log表记录 ,释放全局锁
二阶段回滚:执行sql语句数据恢复,删除undo_log表记录 ,释放全局锁
4:seata全局事务并发隔离如何实现?
(1) 全局锁可以保证写隔离,拿不到全局锁,不能提交分支事务
(2)读加锁(select for update) 可以保证读隔离,避免脏读
一:分布式事务简介
1.1:本地事务
单服务进程,单数据库资源,同一个连接conn多个事务操作
在JDBC编程中,我们通过java.sql.Connection
对象来开启、关闭或者提交事务。代码如下所示:
Connection conn = ... //获取数据库连接
conn.setAutoCommit(false); //开启事务
try{
//1:张三-100 conn1
//2:李四+100 conn2
//3.其他操作10/0
conn.commit(); //提交事务
}catch (Exception e) {
conn.rollback();//事务回滚
}finally{
conn.close();//关闭链接
}
Spring声明式事务(基于aop实现)
/**
* @param fromUserName 转账人
* @param toUserName 被转账人
* @param changeSal 转账额度
*/
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void changeSal(String fromUserName,String toUserName,int changeSal) {
bankMapper.updateSal(fromUserName, -1 * changeSal);
bankMapper.updateSal(toUserName, changeSal);
int i = 10/0
}
1.2:分布式事务
1.3:分布式事务问题复现
模拟下单需求
1:cloud-order服务:提交订单(tb_order insert)
2:cloud-goods服务:扣减库存(tb_goods update) api
entity
package com.example.entity;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.*;
import java.io.Serializable;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@TableName("tb_goods")
public class TbGoods implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
@TableId(type = IdType.ASSIGN_ID)
private Integer goodsId;
/**
*
*/
private Integer goodsStock;
/**
*
*/
private Double goodsPrice;
/**
*
*/
private String goodsName;
}
package com.example.entity;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.*;
import lombok.Data;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@TableName("tb_order")
public class TbOrder implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
@TableId(type = IdType.ASSIGN_ID)
private String orderId;
/**
*
*/
private Integer orderNum;
/**
*
*/
private Double orderAmount;
/**
*
*/
private Integer goodsId;
}
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus</artifactId>
<version>3.4.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>3.4.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.49</version>
</dependency>
<!-- druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
spring:
datasource:
druid:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
username: root
password: 123456
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/cloud_demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
max-active: 40 #连接池配置
#输出sql语句
mybatis-plus:
configuration:
log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
模拟下单: 在qf-cloud-orders订单模块存入订单信息到tb_order,feign远程调用qf-clouds-goods商品模块更新商品库存(tb_goods update)
二:Seata简介
Seata(Simple Extensible Autonomous Transaction Architecture) 是 阿里巴巴开源的分布式事务中间件,以高效并且对业务 0 侵入的方式,解决微服务场景下面临的分布式事务问题。
github地址:https://github.com/seata/seata
中文官网:http://seata.io/zh-cn/
2.1:AT模式角色分析
Transaction Coordinator(TC): Maintain status of global and branch transactions, drive the global commit or rollback.
Transaction Manager(TM): Define the scope of global transaction: begin a global transaction, commit or rollback a global transaction.
Resource Manager(RM): Manage resources that branch transactions working on, talk to TC for registering branch transactions and reporting status of branch transactions, and drive the branch transaction commit or rollback.
- Transaction Coordinator (TC): 事务协调器,维护全局事务的运行状态,负责协调并驱动全局事务的提交或回滚
- Transaction Manager ™:事务管理器, 控制全局事务的边界 ,负责开启一个全局事务,并最终发起全局提交或全局回滚的决议
- Resource Manager (RM): 资源管理器,控制分支事务,负责分支注册、状态汇报,并接收事务协调器的指令,驱动分支(本地)事务的提交和回滚
2.2:AT模式工作流程
三:Seata应用
3.1:下载seata-server
下载地址:Tags · seata/seata · GitHub
3.2:配置Seata-server
3.2.1:配置seata-server数据源
E:\seata-server-1.4.2\seata\seata-server-1.4.2\conf\file.conf
3.2.2:创建seata数据库
create database seata
3.2.3:创建3张表
表的脚本下载地址:https://github.com/seata/seata/tree/develop/script/server/db
-- -------------------------------- The script used when storeMode is 'db' --------------------------------
-- the table to store GlobalSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
(
`xid` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
`transaction_id` BIGINT,
`status` TINYINT NOT NULL,
`application_id` VARCHAR(32),
`transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),
`transaction_name` VARCHAR(128),
`timeout` INT,
`begin_time` BIGINT,
`application_data` VARCHAR(2000),
`gmt_create` DATETIME,
`gmt_modified` DATETIME,
PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
KEY `idx_gmt_modified_status` (`gmt_modified`, `status`),
KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
-- the table to store BranchSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
(
`branch_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
`xid` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
`transaction_id` BIGINT,
`resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),
`resource_id` VARCHAR(256),
`branch_type` VARCHAR(8),
`status` TINYINT,
`client_id` VARCHAR(64),
`application_data` VARCHAR(2000),
`gmt_create` DATETIME(6),
`gmt_modified` DATETIME(6),
PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
-- the table to store lock data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
(
`row_key` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
`xid` VARCHAR(96),
`transaction_id` BIGINT,
`branch_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
`resource_id` VARCHAR(256),
`table_name` VARCHAR(32),
`pk` VARCHAR(36),
`gmt_create` DATETIME,
`gmt_modified` DATETIME,
PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
3.2.4:修改seata的注册中心
E:\seata-server-1.4.2\seata\seata-server-1.4.2\conf\registry.conf
3.2.5:修改seata-server的配置中心
E:\seata-server-1.4.2\seata\seata-server-1.4.2\conf\registry.conf
3.2.6:Nacos配置中心管理seata配置
3.2.6.1:下载配置项
https://github.com/seata/seata/tree/develop/script/config-center
transport.type=TCP
transport.server=NIO
transport.heartbeat=true
transport.enableClientBatchSendRequest=false
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadPrefix=NettyBoss
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadPrefix=NettyServerNIOWorker
transport.threadFactory.serverExecutorThreadPrefix=NettyServerBizHandler
transport.threadFactory.shareBossWorker=false
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadPrefix=NettyClientSelector
transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.clientWorkerThreadPrefix=NettyClientWorkerThread
transport.threadFactory.bossThreadSize=1
transport.threadFactory.workerThreadSize=default
transport.shutdown.wait=3
service.vgroupMapping.fengmi_tx_group=default
service.default.grouplist=127.0.0.1:8091
service.enableDegrade=false
service.disableGlobalTransaction=false
client.rm.asyncCommitBufferLimit=10000
client.rm.lock.retryInterval=10
client.rm.lock.retryTimes=30
client.rm.lock.retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict=true
client.rm.reportRetryCount=5
client.rm.tableMetaCheckEnable=false
client.rm.tableMetaCheckerInterval=60000
client.rm.sqlParserType=druid
client.rm.reportSuccessEnable=false
client.rm.sagaBranchRegisterEnable=false
client.tm.commitRetryCount=5
client.tm.rollbackRetryCount=5
client.tm.defaultGlobalTransactionTimeout=60000
client.tm.degradeCheck=false
client.tm.degradeCheckAllowTimes=10
client.tm.degradeCheckPeriod=2000
store.mode=db
store.publicKey=
store.file.dir=file_store/data
store.file.maxBranchSessionSize=16384
store.file.maxGlobalSessionSize=512
store.file.fileWriteBufferCacheSize=16384
store.file.flushDiskMode=async
store.file.sessionReloadReadSize=100
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=123456
store.db.minConn=5
store.db.maxConn=30
store.db.globalTable=global_table
store.db.branchTable=branch_table
store.db.queryLimit=100
store.db.lockTable=lock_table
store.db.maxWait=5000
store.redis.mode=single
store.redis.single.host=127.0.0.1
store.redis.single.port=6379
store.redis.maxConn=10
store.redis.minConn=1
store.redis.maxTotal=100
store.redis.database=0
store.redis.password=
store.redis.queryLimit=100
server.recovery.committingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.asynCommittingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.rollbackingRetryPeriod=1000
server.recovery.timeoutRetryPeriod=1000
server.maxCommitRetryTimeout=-1
server.maxRollbackRetryTimeout=-1
server.rollbackRetryTimeoutUnlockEnable=false
client.undo.dataValidation=true
client.undo.logSerialization=jackson
client.undo.onlyCareUpdateColumns=true
server.undo.logSaveDays=7
server.undo.logDeletePeriod=86400000
client.undo.logTable=undo_log
client.undo.compress.enable=true
client.undo.compress.type=zip
client.undo.compress.threshold=64k
log.exceptionRate=100
transport.serialization=seata
transport.compressor=none
metrics.enabled=false
metrics.registryType=compact
metrics.exporterList=prometheus
metrics.exporterPrometheusPort=9898
3.2.6.2:修改相关配置项
service.vgroupMapping.fengmi_tx_group=default #忽略
store.mode=db
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=root # 只需要改密码
3.2.6.3:创建配置文件
注意目前只支持properties,不支持yml
3.2.7:启动seata-server
注意 -h必须指定为局域网真实ip地址,不要指定127.0.0.1
seata-server.bat -h 10.30.162.78 -p 8898
3.3:Seata客户端
一个调用链中的所有微服务都是seata的客户端,都必须走下面的步骤
3.3.1:创建undo_log表
下载地址:https://github.com/seata/seata/tree/develop/script/client/at/db
-- for AT mode you must to init this sql for you business database. the seata server not need it.
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `undo_log`
(
`branch_id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL COMMENT 'branch transaction id',
`xid` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT 'global transaction id',
`context` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL COMMENT 'undo_log context,such as serialization',
`rollback_info` LONGBLOB NOT NULL COMMENT 'rollback info',
`log_status` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '0:normal status,1:defense status',
`log_created` DATETIME(6) NOT NULL COMMENT 'create datetime',
`log_modified` DATETIME(6) NOT NULL COMMENT 'modify datetime',
UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`, `branch_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
AUTO_INCREMENT = 1
DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8 COMMENT ='AT transaction mode undo table';
3.3.2:pom依赖
<!-- seata -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
<version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.4.2</version>
</dependency>
3.3.3:配置
seata:
enabled: true
tx-service-group: fengmi_tx_group
enable-auto-data-source-proxy: true
config:
type: nacos
nacos:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
group: qfgroup
namespace: dev
username: nacos
password: nacos
data-id: cloud-seataserver.properties
registry: #发现seata-server
type: nacos
nacos:
application: seata-server
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
namespace: dev
group: qfgroup
username: nacos
password: nacos
3.3.4:@Globaltransational
四:Seata全局事务并发怎么隔离
1 全局锁可以保证写隔离,拿不到全局锁,不能提交分支事务
2 读加锁(select for update) 可以保证读隔离,避免脏读
写隔离
- 一阶段本地事务提交前,需要确保先拿到 全局锁 。
- 拿不到 全局锁 ,不能提交本地事务。
读隔离
一个全局事务修改数据,另外一个全局读取数据怎么解决脏读
在数据库本地事务隔离级别 读已提交(Read Committed) 或以上的基础上,Seata(AT 模式)的默认全局隔离级别是 读未提交(Read Uncommitted) 。
如果应用在特定场景下,必需要求全局的 读已提交 ,目前 Seata 的方式是通过 SELECT FOR UPDATE 语句的代理。
面试:
1:什么是分布式事务
分布式系统中,跨连接的事务
2:怎么解决分布式事务? seata
3:seata分布式事务的工作流程/原理/机制
TM:事务管理器 ,标注了@GlobalTransational的方法就受TM的管理,开启全局事务,发起全局事务的提交, 或回滚
TC: Seata 服务器,事务协调器 ,接收TM的指令,向RM传达指令,生成全局事务IDRM:Seata 客户端,资源管理器一阶段提交:解析和执行sql语句,需要获取全局锁,获取前后镜像存放到undo_log表二阶段提交:删除undo_log表记录 ,释放全局锁
二阶段回滚:执行sql语句数据恢复,删除undo_log表记录 ,释放全局锁
4:seata全局事务并发隔离如何实现?
(1) 全局锁可以保证写隔离,拿不到全局锁,不能提交分支事务
(2)读加锁(select for update) 可以保证读隔离,避免脏读